Decoding pain through facial expressions: a study of patients with migraine

Table 1 Demographics and clinical scores of participants (mean ± std.)

HC Healthy control, CM Chronic migraine, F female, M male, NRS numerical rating scale, HADS Hospital anxiety and depression score, A Anxiety, D Depression, MIDAS Migraine disability assessment scores
^*p < 0.01 (CM vs. HC & EM, EM vs. CM)
^$p < 0.001 (HC vs. CM & EM)
^#p < 0.05 (CM vs. HC & EM, EM vs. CM)
^ηp < 0.0001 (CM vs. EM)
^βp < 0.01 (CM vs. EM)

ISSN: 1129-2377