Table 2 Baseline characteristics according to the combined lifestyle index in Hong Kong Chinese women (October 2019–December 2020)

N

3510

899

788

776

636

411

Age, years

55.2 ± 9.1

52.5 ± 9.4

54.9 ± 9.0*

55.8 ± 8.8*

56.8 ± 8.8*

58.3 ± 7.7*

< 0.001

Body mass index, kg/m²

23.1 ± 3.6

23.8 ± 4.0

23.4 ± 3.7

23.1 ± 3.5*

22.4 ± 3.1*

21.7 ± 2.4*

< 0.001

Menstrual age, years

12.9 ± 1.7

12.8 ± 1.6

12.9 ± 1.8

12.9 ± 1.7

12.8 ± 1.7

13.0 ± 1.6

0.096

Moderate physical activity, min/week

306.2 ± 313.0

222.5 ± 292.9

287.0 ± 307.7*

333.8 ± 319.1*

360.7 ± 313.0*

390.0 ± 309.3*

< 0.001

Vigorous physical activity, min/week

89.3 ± 162.9

61.8 ± 143.6

81.9 ± 156.9

90.8 ± 166.7*

113.0 ± 174.5*

124.4 ± 176.1*

< 0.001

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

6.1 ± 3.6

8.4 ± 3.2

6.9 ± 3.5*

5.5 ± 3.3*

4.4 ± 2.9*

3.5 ± 2.0*

< 0.001

Perceived Stress Scale-14

24.1 ± 6.0

28.3 ± 4.6

25.2 ± 5.3*

23.3 ± 5.4*

21.0 ± 5.6*

19.4 ± 5.4*

< 0.001

Healthy diet index

31.6 ± 3.4

29.5 ± 2.9

31.4 ± 3.2*

32.1 ± 3.2*

32.8 ± 3.1*

33.8 ± 2.4*

< 0.001

Migraine attack frequency, attacks/month

2.6 ± 3.9

3.2 ± 4.1

2.5 ± 3.5

2.4 ± 4.9

1.6 ± 3.0

0.9 ± 1.0*

0.036

Marital status

0.067

 Never married

812 (23.1%)

232 (25.8%)

182 (23.1%)

174 (22.4%)

138 (21.7%)

86 (20.9%)

 Divorce, separation, or widowhood

441 (12.6%)

112 (12.5%)

96 (12.2%)

92 (11.9%)

71 (11.2%)

70 (17.0%)

 Married or cohabiting

2257 (64.3%)

555 (61.7%)

510 (64.7%)

510 (65.7%)

427 (67.1%)

255 (62.0%)

Living condition

0.147

 Living with spouse, parents, or children

683 (19.5%)

183 (20.4%)

151 (19.2%)

142 (18.3%)

111 (17.5%)

96 (23.4%)

 Others

2827 (80.5%)

716 (79.6%)

637 (80.8%)

634 (81.7%)

525 (82.5%)

315 (76.6%)

Educational level

< 0.001

 Primary school or lower

272 (7.7%)

36 (4.0%)

58* (7.4%)

71* (9.1%)

61* (9.6%)

46* (11.2%)

 Secondary school or pre-college

2133 (60.8%)

538 (59.8%)

479 (60.8%)

493 (63.5%)

377 (59.3%)

246 (59.9%)

 College or higher

1105 (31.5%)

325 (36.2%)

251* (31.9%)

212b (27.3%)

198* (31.1%)

119* (29.0%)

Family income, HKD/month

0.007

 ≤14,000

1189 (33.9%)

273 (30.4%)

254 (32.2%)

262* (33.8%)

229* (36.0%)

171* (41.6%)

 >14,000 and ≤ 35,000

1441 (41.1%)

386 (42.9%)

321 (40.7%)

325 (41.9%)

250 (39.3%)

159 (38.7%)

 >35,000

880 (25.1%)

240 (26.7%)

213 (27.0%)

189 (24.4%)

157 (24.7%)

81 (19.7%)

Employed

1838 (52.4%)

566 (63.0%)

430* (54.6%)

379* (48.8%)

295* (46.4%)

168* (40.9%)

< 0.001

Menopause

2534 (72.2%)

558 (62.1%)

559* (70.9%)

579* (74.6%)

495* (77.8%)

343* (83.5%)

< 0.001

Hypertension

423 (12.1%)

94 (10.5%)

101 (12.8%)

97 (12.5%)

82 (12.9%)

49 (11.9%)

0.529

Diabetes

350 (10.0%)

106 (11.8%)

75 (9.5%)

75 (9.7%)

56 (8.8%)

38 (9.2%)

0.310

Hyperlipidaemia

715 (20.4%)

183 (20.4%)

168 (21.3%)

154 (19.8%)

132 (20.8%)

78 (19.0%)

0.891

Myocardial infarction

9 (0.3%)

3 (0.3%)

2 (0.3%)

4 (0.5%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0.294

Stroke

8 (0.2%)

1 (0.1%)

2 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

3 (0.5%)

2 (0.5%)

0.267

Cancer

181 (5.2%)

31 (3.4%)

47 (6.0%)

44 (5.7%)

34 (5.3%)

25 (6.1%)

0.107

Never smoker

3357 (95.6%)

828 (92.1%)

749* (95.1%)

760* (97.9%)

615* (96.7%)

405* (98.5%)

< 0.001

No or low fatigue ^b

1666 (47.5%)

95 (10.6%)

264* (33.5%)

419* (54.0%)

505* (79.4%)

383* (93.2%)

< 0.001

Never alcohol drinker

1388 (39.5%)

162 (18.0%)

241* (30.6%)

359* (46.3%)

320* (50.3%)

306* (74.5%)

< 0.001