Table 1 Patient demographics and baseline characteristics
|  | Headache cohort N = 989,514 | Migraine cohort N = 165,339 |
|---|---|---|
Age at the index date (years) | ||
 Mean ± SD | 40.3 ± 12.9 | 38.8 ± 11.7 |
Sex, n (%) | ||
 Male | 429,089 (43.4) | 57,877 (35.0) |
 Female | 560,425 (56.6) | 107,462 (65.0) |
Follow-up duration (months) | ||
 Mean ± SD | 23.8 ± 16.3 | 23.3 ± 15.9 |
Diagnosis at index, n (%) | ||
 Headache | 842,630 (85.2) | NA |
 Migraine | 163,559 (16.5) | 165,339 (100.0) |
Comorbidities during baseline period, n (%) | ||
 Total patients with any kind of comorbidities | 318,622 (32.2) | 56,235 (34.0) |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 36,866 (3.7) | 6,103 (3.7) |
 Hypertension | 126,754 (12.8) | 15,723 (9.5) |
 Ischemic heart diseases | 21,916 (2.2) | 2,671 (1.6) |
 Peripheral vascular disease | 20,813 (2.1) | 3,119 (1.9) |
 Any of the cardiovascular-related comorbidities listed above | 162,130 (16.4) | 22,763 (13.8) |
 Malignant neoplasm of brain | 476 (0.0) | 49 (0.0) |
 Malignant neoplasms (except for brain) | 24,080 (2.4) | 3,138 (1.9) |
 Meningitis | 976 (0.1) | 176 (0.1) |
 Mood (affective) disorders | 69,504 (7.0) | 17,154 (10.4) |
 Neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders | 99,607 (10.1) | 22,726 (13.7) |
 Epilepsy | 14,470 (1.5) | 3,352 (2.0) |
 Disorders of thyroid gland | 41,440 (4.2) | 7,350 (4.4) |
 Diabetes mellitus | 69,989 (7.1) | 8,657 (5.2) |