Table 2 Aura symptoms and individual symptom features
From: Clinical features of migraine with aura: a REFORM study
All (n = 227) | EM (n = 69) | CM (n = 158) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Visual aura | 215 (94.7) | 67 (97.1) | 148 (93.7) |
Positive symptoms | 192 (89.3) | 63 (94.0) | 129 (87.2) |
Negative symptoms | 127 (59.1) | 38 (56.7) | 89 (60.1) |
Zig-zag pattern | 76 (35.3) | 22 (32.8) | 54 (36.5) |
Flickering | 151 (70.2) | 52 (77.6) | 99 (66.9) |
Sawtooth edge | 30 (14.0) | 13 (19.4) | 17 (11.5) |
Gradually spreading | 155 (72.1) | 51 (76.1) | 104 (70.3) |
Central onseta | 45 (20.9) | 11 (16.4) | 34 (23.0) |
Peripheral onseta | 109 (50.7) | 39 (58.2) | 70 (47.3) |
Mean duration (min) | 49.2 (109.7) | 37.6 (35.6) | 54.4 (129.8) |
Duration < 5 min | 8 (3.7) | 3 (4.5) | 5 (3.4) |
Duration 5–60 min | 185 (86.0) | 59 (88.1) | 126 (85.1) |
Duration > 60 min | 22 (10.2) | 5 (7.5) | 17 (11.5) |
Unilateral symptoms | 109 (50.7) | 38 (56.7) | 71 (48.0) |
Sidelocked symptomsb | 51 (23.7) | 17 (25.4) | 34 (23.0) |
Aura ipsilateral to headachec | 18 (8.4) | 5 (7.5) | 13 (8.8) |
Aura contralateral to headachec | 64 (29.8) | 22 (32.8) | 42 (28.4) |
Somatosensory aura | 81 (35.7) | 21 (30.4) | 60 (38.0) |
Positive symptoms | 69 (85.2) | 18 (85.7) | 51 (85.0) |
Negative symptoms | 28 (34.6) | 7 (33.3) | 21 (35.0) |
Gradually spreading | 58 (71.6) | 13 (61.9) | 45 (75.0) |
Mean duration (min) | 136.7 (503.4) | 299.5 (934.0) | 79.8 (187.4) |
Duration < 5 min | 2 (2.5) | 0 | 2 (3.3) |
Duration 5–60 min | 56 (69.1) | 13 (61.9) | 43 (71.7) |
Duration > 60 min | 23 (28.4) | 8 (38.1) | 15 (25.0) |
Unilateral symptoms | 55 (67.9) | 16 (76.2) | 39 (65.0) |
Sidelocked symptomsb | 35 (43.2) | 11 (52.4) | 24 (40.0) |
Aura ipsilateral to headachec | 8 (9.9) | 5 (23.8) | 3 (5.0) |
Aura contralateral to headachec | 35 (43.2) | 8 (38.1) | 27 (45.0) |
Speech and/or language aura | 31 (13.7) | 11 (15.9) | 20 (12.7) |
Non-fluent aphasia | 23 (74.2) | 8 (72.7) | 15 (75.0) |
Fluent aphasia | 5 (16.1) | 0 | 5 (25.0) |
Dysarthria | 9 (29.0) | 5 (45.5) | 4 (20.0) |
Mean duration (min) | 65.7 (109.7) | 103 (170.9) | 44.2 (42.9) |
Duration < 5 min | 1 (3.2) | 0 | 1 (5.0) |
Duration 5–60 min | 24 (77.4) | 8 (72.7) | 16 (80.0) |
Duration > 60 min | 5 (16.1) | 3 (27.3) | 2 (10.0) |
Number of aura symptoms | |||
1 | 148 (65.2) | 48 (69.6) | 100 (63.3) |
2 | 58 (25.6) | 12 (17.4) | 46 (29.1) |
3 | 20 (8.8) | 9 (13.0) | 11 (7.0) |
4 | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 1 (0.6) |