Fig. 4

Administration of α2 receptor agonists/antagonists through microinjection in the LC affects the interaction between sleep and acute pain (VEH, n = 8 mice; NTG, n = 8 mice; NTG+CLON, n = 8 mice; NTG+YO, n = 8 mice). A Schematic representation of the temporal sequence illustrating the modification in NTG-induced hyperalgesia, as measured through von Frey tests, after the administration of agonists or antagonists. B and C Temporal dynamics of the changes in the periorbital mechanical threshold (B-1) and right hind paw (C-1) induced by NTG and agonists/antagonists, as determined by von Frey tests. Graphical representations of B-2/C-2 demonstrated statistical trends recorded at the 26-hour time point within the timeline (1.5 to 2 hours post NTG injection). D Schematic depiction of the timeline showing the acute administration of NTG and agonists/antagonists leading to sleep disturbances (n = 10 mice). E and F The acute administration of NTG leads to significant alterations in both sleep latency and sleep duration, with this change being regulated by the microinjection of α2 receptor agonists and antagonists. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons and one-way repeated-measures ANOVA for multiple comparisons. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. (B-2: VEH vs. NTG P < 0.001, vs. CLON+NTG P = 0.006, vs. YO+NTG P < 0.001; NTG vs. CLON+NTG P = 0.009, vs. YO+NTG P = 0.967; CLON+NTG vs. YO+NTG P = 0.003. C-2: VEH vs. NTG P < 0.001, vs. CLON+NTG P = 0.203, vs. YO+NTG P < 0.001; NTG vs. CLON+NTG P < 0.001, vs. YO+NTG P = 0.467; CLON+NTG vs. YO+NTG P < 0.001. E: Base vs. NTG P < 0.001, vs. CLON+NTG P = 0.965, vs. YO+NTG P = 0.002; NTG vs. CLON+NTG P = 0.035, vs. YO+NTG P = 0.524; CLON+NTG vs. YO+NTG P = 0.040. F: Base vs. NTG P = 0.002, vs. CLON+NTG P = 0.604, vs. YO+NTG P = 0.020; NTG vs. CLON+NTG P = 0.001, vs. YO+NTG P = 0.507; CLON+NTG vs. YO+NTG P = 0.006)