Fig. 1

ASD intensifies the hyperalgesia evoked by NTG, and acute administration of NTG promotes sleep disturbances. A Schematic depiction of the timeline demonstrating the aggravating influence of ASD on NTG-induced hyperalgesia (VEH, n = 12 mice; ASD, n = 12 mice; NTG, n = 12 mice; NTG+ASD, n = 12 mice). B and C Temporal dynamics of the changes in the periorbital mechanical threshold (B-1) and right hind paw (C-1) induced by NTG, as determined by von Frey tests. Furthermore, the graphical representations in B-2/C-2 demonstrate statistical trends recorded at the 26-hour time point within the timeline (1.5 to 2 hours post NTG injection), and B-3/C-3 demonstrate statistical trends recorded at the 28-hour time point within the timeline. D Schematic depiction of the timeline showing the acute administration of NTG leading to sleep disturbances. E and F The acute administration of NTG impacts both sleep latency and sleep duration (n = 6). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons and paired Student's t test for two groups. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. (B-2: F = 24.96, VEH vs. ASD P = 0.014, vs. NTG P < 0.001, vs. NTG + ASD P < 0.001; ASD vs. NTG P = 0.005, vs. NTG+ASD P < 0.001; NTG vs. NTG+ASD P = 0.875. B-3: F = 19.99, VEH vs. ASD P < 0.001, vs. NTG P > 0.9, vs. NTG + ASD P < 0.001; ASD vs. NTG P < 0.001, vs. NTG+ASD P < 0.001; NTG vs. NTG+ASD P = 0.875. F = 24.96, VEH vs. ASD P = 0.014, vs. NTG P < 0.001, vs. NTG + ASD P > 0.9; ASD vs. NTG P < 0.001, vs. NTG+ASD P > 0.9; NTG vs. NTG+ASD P < 0.001. C-2: F = 25.44, VEH vs. ASD p = 0.224, vs. NTG p < 0.001, vs. NTG+ASD p < 0.001; ASD vs. NTG p = 0.015, vs. NTG+ASD p < 0.001; NTG vs. NTG+ASD p = 0.029. C-3: F = 10.91, VEH vs. ASD P = 0.009 vs. NTG P = 0.230, vs. NTG+ASD P < 0.001; ASD vs. NTG P = 0.471, vs. NTG+ASD P = 0.167; NTG vs. NTG+ASD P = 0.006. E: t = 3.368, Base vs. NTG P = 0.020. F: t = 3.445, Base vs. NTG P = 0.018)