Fig. 2

Gut dysbiosis in pediatric migraine. A Comparison of the α diversity of the gut microbiota in healthy children and migraine children by calculating Shannon, Simpson and Insimpson. B Plot of principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on the Bray‒Curtis distance matrix of the gut microbiota in healthy children and migraine children. C Histogram of the relative abundances of gut bacterial phyla in healthy children and migraine children. D Comparison of the relative abundances of gut bacterial phyla in healthy children and migraine children was used with the Mann–Whitney test. E Histogram of the relative abundances of gut bacterial genera in healthy children and migraine children. F The composition of gut bacterial genera in migraine children. G The composition of gut bacterial genera in healthy children. H Comparison of the relative abundances of gut bacterial genera in healthy children and migraine children was used with the Mann–Whitney test. I Volcano plot shows the alterations in the relative abundances of gut bacterial genera in migraine children