Table 1 Participants’ demographics and clinical characteristics
|  | Healthy Controls (n = 40) | NDPH (n = 35) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 38.00 ± 13.00 | 40.63 ± 15.65 | 0.430 |
Gender (male/female) | 16/24 (40.0/60.0%) | 17/18 (48.5/51.4%) | 0.456 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.41 ± 2.63 | 22.37 ± 2.96 | 0.947 |
Headache laterality, n (%) | |||
 Unilateral | NA | 18 (51.4%) | NA |
 Bilateral | NA | 17 (48.6%) | NA |
Location of headache, n (%) | |||
 Frontal region | NA | 15 (42.9%) | NA |
 Temporal region | NA | 16 (45.7%) | NA |
 Parietal region | NA | 14 (40.0%) | NA |
 Occipital region | NA | 16 (45.7%) | NA |
 Periorbital region | NA | 2 (5.7%) | NA |
Nausea, vomiting, n (%) | NA | 12 (34.3%) | NA |
Photophobia, n (%) | NA | 15 (42.9%) | NA |
Phonophobia, n (%) | NA | 22 (62.9%) | NA |
Age at onset, years | NA | 30.00 (19.00, 37.25) | NA |
Disease duration, years | NA | 2.00 (0.75, 7.00) | NA |
VAS score (0–10) | NA | 5.00 (4.00, 8.00) | NA |
MoCA score (0–30) | NA | 26.00 (21.00, 28.00) | NA |
HIT-6 score (36–78) | NA | 62.66 ± 8.70 | NA |
PHQ-9 score (0–27) | NA | 9.00 (8.00, 16.00) | NA |
GAD-7 score (0–21) | NA | 7.77 ± 5.25 | NA |
PSQI score (0–21) | NA | 9.31 ± 4.84 | NA |