Serum tau protein elevation in migraine: a cross-sectional case–control study

Table 2 Serum t-tau, NfL, GFAP, and UCH-L1 concentrations for HC, EM, and CM

Biomarker	Healthy control n = 42	Episodic migraine n = 92	Chronic migraine n = 93	p-value ^a	Multiple variable adjusted p-value ^b
t-tau	0.200 (0.114 to 0.288)	0.320 (0.204 to 0.466) ^c	0.304 (0.158 to 0.406) ^c	0.003*	0.002*
NfL	7.5 (6.0 to 9.4)	7.0 (5.7 to 8.9)	7.7 (5.2 to 11.1)	0.507	0.920
GFAP	69.4 (54.7 to 89.7)	68.5 (52.7 to 96.6)	69.6 (52.0 to 100.2)	0.850	0.757
UCH-L1	0.120 (0.120 to 0.357)	0.120 (0.120 to 4.693)	0.120 (0.120 to 1.824)	0.195	0.184

Values are expressed as median (interquartile range) in pg/mL
^aP-values are estimated with an independent-samples Kruskal–Wallis test with a Dunn’s post-hoc test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons
^bP-values are estimated with a Quade nonparametric ANCOVA adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index
^*p-value < 0.05
^cIndicates statistical elevation vs. controls

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