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Table 5 Characteristics of all studies reporting dichotomous outcomes (n = 52)

From: The temporal trend of placebo response in migraine prevention from 1990 to 2021: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis with regression

Variable

Median [25th, 75th Percentile]

Sample Size

113 [38, 230]

Study Duration (weeks)

13 [12, 17]

Age

41.1 [39.0, 42.2]

% Female

86.2% [81.6%, 88.5%]

Median Improvement from Baseline in the Placebo Arm

27.2 [16.1, 39.7]

Placebo Route

N (%)

 Oral

23 (42.3%)

 Injection

22 (40.4%)

 Intravenous

6 (11.5%)

 Unknown

2 (5.8%)

Cochrane Risk of Bias

 Low

39 (75.0%)

 Some Concerns

8 (15.4%)

 High

5 (9.6%)

Year of Publication

 1996 to 2004

10 (19.2%)

 2005 to 2009

9 (17.3%)

 2010 to 2014

5 (9.6%)

 2015 to 2019

16 (30.8%)

 2020 to 2021

12 (23.1%)

Outcome Measure (% responder rate)

 Monthly migraine days

26 (50.0%)

 migraine headache days

11 (21.2%)

 attack frequency

8 (15.4%)

 migraine episodes per month

0 (0.0%)

 migraine days

3 (5.8%)

 headache attack frequency

1 (1.9%)

 headache days

2 (3.9%)

 intensity and duration

1 (1.9%)