Psychiatric and cognitive comorbidities of persistent post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury

Table 4 Headache Characteristics of the Study Population

Variable	Persistent PTH (n = 100)	Chronic Migraine-Like (n = 61)	Episodic Migraine-Like combined with TTH-like (n = 29)	Chronic TTH-like (n = 9)
Headache Frequency, mean (SD)
Yearly headache days	307.9 (86.9)	299.3 (88.3)	318.5 (83.0)	358.1 (12.8)
Monthly headache days	25.4 (7.1)	24.6 (7.5)	26.2 (6.8)	29.7 (0.7)
Headache Intensity^a, %
Mild	5	0	0	56
Moderate	80	82	86	44
Severe	15	18	14	0
Headache Localization, %
Bilateral	64	69	62	56
Unilateral	36	31	38	44
Left sided	18	16	17	22
Right sided	17	15	21	22
Frontal	70	70	72	67
Temporal	50	51	41	67
Parietal	35	39	21	44
Occipital	35	41	24	33
Headache Quality, %
Throbbing	18	23	14	0
Pressing	32	21	31	100
Stabbing	3	2	7	0
Combined (throbbing and pressing)	45	51	48	0
Other headache quality	2	3	0	0
Family History of Primary Headache Disorders^b, %	28	31	21	22
Continuous Photophobia^c, %	46	69	45	44
Continuous Phonophobia^d, %	60	61	28	0
Neck Pain, %	78	82	79	44
> 180 days with neck pain within the past 12 months, %	55	78	52	33
Low Back Pain, %	37	38	45	11
> 180 days with neck pain within the past 12 months, %	24	26	23	0
Allodynia^e
None, %	54	44	66	78
Mild Allodynia, %	23	25	21	22
Moderate Allodynia, %	17	23	10	0
Severe Allodynia, %	6	8	3	0

^amild headache intensity = does not impair ability to work and/or other activities. Moderate headache intensity = impairs but does not prevent ability to work and/or other activities. Severe headache intensity = prevents ability to work and/or other activities
^bpositive family history of primary headache disorders = 1st degree relative with any primary headache disorder other than infrequent tension-type headache
^ccontinuous photophobia = continuously ongoing – daily – symptoms of photophobia
^dcontinuous phonophobia = continuously ongoing – daily – symptoms of phonophobia
^ecutaneous allodynia scores were assessed using the 12-item Allodynia Symptom Checklist (ASC-12) and defined as follows: none (scores 0–2), mild [3,4,5], moderate [6,7,8], and severe (≥9)

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