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Table 1 Secondary causes of red ear syndrome

From: The red ear syndrome

Upper cervical spine

• Hypertrophy of the ipsilateral C2-C3 facet joint

• Degeneration of superior facet of C4

• Cervical arachnoiditis with posterior column myelomalacia

• Traction injury of upper cervical roots

• Narrowing of C4 neural foramen

• Chari I malformation

• Chronic whiplash

• Congenital fusion of C1-C3 vertebrae with enlargement of the cervical spinal canal

• Neurovascular compression between vertebral artery and C3 root

Cranial and cervical neuralgias

• Atypical glossopharyngeal neuralgia

• Atypical trigeminal neuralgia

• C3 root neuralgia

TMJ dysfunction

 

Thalamic syndrome

Herpes zoster

Pleomorphic adenoma of carotid body