First author, Year [Reference] | Nr of Cases | Patient characteristics | Headache characteristics | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M/F ratio | Mean age | Intensity & type | Other triggers | Duration | Location | Frequency | Persistence | Associated features | ||
Symonds, 1956 [5] | 21 | 18/3 | 55 | severe bursting | Valsalva maneuver, head rotation | 2’-10’ | bilateral | - | 18 months- 3 years | - |
Pascual,1996 [13] | 13 | 10/3 | 67 | moderate to severe sharp, stabbing | Valsalva manoeuver | seconds to less than 30’ | bilateral (92%) unilateral (8%) | one to several daily | 2-24 months | none |
Ozge, 2005 [9] | 20 | 13/7 | 45 | moderate to severe sharp, stabbing | not mentioned or no other triggers? | 1-30’ | bilateral (90%) unilateral (10%) | 10 days/month | - | nausea (5%) dizziness (10%) |
Pascual, 2008 [11] | 28 | 10/18 | 60 | electrical, explosive, pressing or having a mixed nature | sudden postural movements, weight lifting, laughing and defecating | seconds to more than 1’ | unilateral (50%) bilateral (39%) occipito-suboccipital (11%) | - | 1-42 months | dizziness (14%) |
Chen, 2009 [3] | 74 | 54/20 | 61 | mild to severe explosive, dull, pulsatile | straining at stool and bending down | 1” - 2 hours | bilateral (67%) unilateral (33%) | - | 6-24 months | nausea (10%) vomiting (1%) photophobia (5%) phonophobia (11%) |